[MM-37984] Allow Desktop App to authenticate via external providers outside of the app on supported servers (#23795)

* WIP

* Add rate limiting for desktop token API

* Missing mocks

* Style fixes

* Update snapshots

* Maybe use an actual redirect link :P

* Refactoring for tests

* Add tests for server

* Fix lint issue

* Fix tests

* Fix lint

* Add front-end screen component

* Component logic

* Style changes

* Quick style fix

* Lint fixes

* Initial PR feedback

* Enable logging into the browser as well when completing the login process

* Refactor to push more logic to the other component

* Remove unnecessary helper code

* Fix i18n

---------

Co-authored-by: Mattermost Build <build@mattermost.com>

server/i18n/en.json

@@ -5023,6 +5023,30 @@
     "id": "app.custom_group.unique_name",
     "translation": "group name is not unique"
   },
+  {
+    "id": "app.desktop_token.authenticate.invalid_or_expired",
+    "translation": "Token does not exist or is expired"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "app.desktop_token.create.collision",
+    "translation": "This token already exists in the system"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "app.desktop_token.create.error",
+    "translation": "An error occured attempted to create the token"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "app.desktop_token.validate.expired",
+    "translation": "Token is expired"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "app.desktop_token.validate.invalid",
+    "translation": "Token is not valid"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "app.desktop_token.validate.no_user",
+    "translation": "Cannot find a user for this token"
+  },
   {
     "id": "app.draft.delete.app_error",
     "translation": "Unable to delete the Draft."