[MM-37984] Allow Desktop App to authenticate via external providers outside of the app on supported servers (#23795)

* WIP

* Add rate limiting for desktop token API

* Missing mocks

* Style fixes

* Update snapshots

* Maybe use an actual redirect link :P

* Refactoring for tests

* Add tests for server

* Fix lint issue

* Fix tests

* Fix lint

* Add front-end screen component

* Component logic

* Style changes

* Quick style fix

* Lint fixes

* Initial PR feedback

* Enable logging into the browser as well when completing the login process

* Refactor to push more logic to the other component

* Remove unnecessary helper code

* Fix i18n

---------

Co-authored-by: Mattermost Build <build@mattermost.com>

server/channels/db/migrations/mysql/000110_create_desktop_tokens.down.sql

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS DesktopTokens;

server/channels/db/migrations/mysql/000110_create_desktop_tokens.up.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS DesktopTokens (
+    DesktopToken varchar(64) NOT NULL,
+    UserId varchar(26) NULL,
+    CreateAt bigint NOT NULL,
+    PRIMARY KEY (DesktopToken)
+);
+
+SET @preparedStatement = (SELECT IF(
+    (
+        SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.STATISTICS
+        WHERE table_name = 'DesktopTokens'
+        AND table_schema = DATABASE()
+        AND index_name = 'idx_desktoptokens_createat'
+    ) > 0,
+    'SELECT 1',
+    'CREATE INDEX idx_desktoptokens_createat ON DesktopTokens(CreateAt);'
+));
+
+PREPARE createIndexIfNotExists FROM @preparedStatement;
+EXECUTE createIndexIfNotExists;
+DEALLOCATE PREPARE createIndexIfNotExists;